Reading Notes W4: Voltaire, Part A

Part A or this weeks reading centers around Candide by Voltaire. To be able to fully grasp this work some historical context is necessary. Voltaire was a writer unafraid to speak on taboo subjects during his time. Often questioning supposed fact or satirizing philosophical/religious outlooks, he made it his business to point out the hypocrisies of others. In doing so he had many  supporters and enemies. Exiled on numerous occasions for his written works, Voltaire continued on, releasing rebellious works that displayed gutsy resolve and ideas. Candide is one of those works that pokes holes in certain prevailing trains of thought that ran rampant at the time. Themes of inhumane treatment, religious freedom and hypocrisy are elements that most stuck out to me during this initial read through.

•  Candide is portrayed as a model individual. He displays simple yet graceful traits that most would consider ideal in an individual they associate with: "his features admirably expressed his soul; he combined an honest heart; and I think it was for this reason that they called him Candide" (355)
• Candide means optimism
• Philosopher Pangloss is introduced; bringing forth his declaration of cause and effect: "It is clear, said he, that things cannot be otherwise than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end" (356)
• This way of thinking serves as a crux for many of the themes within this story, serving as a point of satire when justifications are made for the inhumane beatings, violence and random acts of nature
• The "cause and effect leading to the best" train of thought is questioned the more unfortunate events happen to Candide and those he loves: "If this is the best of all possible worlds, what are the others like? . . . But oh dear Pangloss, greatest of philosophers, was it necessary for me to watch you being hanged, for no reason that I can see?" (364)
• Candide and Cunegonde are both either brought back to life or good health after suffering some of the most vile acts, still assuming its all for the best.